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Background  The Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium  Xanthomonas campestris  pv.  campestris  recruits the  hrp /T3SS system to inject pathogenicity effector proteins into host cells and uses the  rpf /DSF cell-cell signaling system to regulate the expression of virulence factors such as extracellular enzymes and polysaccharide. Whether these two systems have any connection is unknown.    Methods  Positive regulator candidates affecting  hrpX  expression were identified by  sacB  strategy. The transcriptional expression was determined by qRT-PCR and GUS activity analysis. Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA deep-sequencing. The hypersensitive response (HR) was determined in the nonhost plant pepper ECW-10R and electrolyte leakage assay.    Results  Mutation of the gene encoding the sensor RpfC of the  rpf /DSF system significantly reduced the expression of  hrpX , the key regulator of the  hrp /T3SS system, all of the genes in the  hrp  cluster and most reported type III effector genes. Mutation of  rpfG  did not affect the expression of  hrpX . The  rpfC  mutant showed a delayed and weakened HR induction.    Conclusions  RpfC positively regulates the expression of  hrpX  independent of RpfG, showing a complex regulatory network linking the  rpf/ DSF and  hrp /T3SS systems.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1233-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

RpfC regulates the expression of the key regulator hrpX of the hrp/T3SS system in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris