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Background   Yersinia enterocolitica  is widespread within the humans, pigs and wild boars. The low isolation rate of  Y. enterocolitica  from food or environmental and clinical samples may be caused by limited sensitivity of culture methods. The main goal of present study was identification of presumptive  Y. enterocolitica  isolates using MALDI TOF MS. The identification of isolates may be difficult due to variability of bacterial strains in terms of biochemical characteristics. This work emphasizes the necessity of use of multiple methods for zoonotic  Y. enterocolitica  identification .Results  Identification of  Y. enterocolitica  isolates was based on MALDI TOF MS, and verified by VITEK ®  2 Compact and PCR. There were no discrepancies in identification of all human’ and pig’ isolates using MALDI TOF MS and VITEK ®  2 Compact. However three isolates from wild boars were not decisively confirmed as  Y. enterocolitica . MALDI TOF MS has identified the wild boar’ isolates designated as 3dz, 4dz, 8dz as  Y. enterocolitica  with a high score of matching with the reference spectra of MALDI Biotyper. In turn, VITEK ®  2 Compact identified 3dz and 8dz as  Y. kristensenii , and isolate 4dz as  Y. enterocolitica . The PCR for  Y. enterocolitica  16S rDNA for these three isolates was negative, but the 16S rDNA sequence analysis identified these isolates as  Y. kristensenii  (3dz, 4dz) and  Y. pekkanenii  (8dz). The wild boar’ isolates 3dz, 4dz and 8dz could not be classified using biotyping. The main bioserotype present within pigs and human faeces was 4/O:3. It has been shown that  Y. enterocolitica  1B/O:8 can be isolated from human faeces using ITC/CIN culturing.    Conclusion  The results of our study indicate wild boars as a reservoir of new and atypical strains of  Yersinia , for which protein and biochemical profiles are not included in the MALDI Biotyper or VITEK ®  2 Compact databases. Pigs in the south-west Poland are the reservoir for pathogenic  Y. enterocolitica  strains. Four biochemical features included in VITEK ®  2 Compact known to be common with Wauters scheme were shown to produce incompatible results, thus VITEK ®  2 Compact cannot be applied in biotyping of  Y. enterocolitica.

Identification of Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from humans, pigs and wild boars by MALDI TOF MS