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Background    Porphyromonas gingivalis  is a major causative pathogen of chronic periodontitis. Within the inflammatory microenvironment, there exists extreme pH values, elevated temperatures and oxidative stress. Pathogens adapt to these stressful environmental conditions by regulating the transcription of virulence genes, modifying themselves with macromolecules and by aggregating and entering into a biofilm growth phase. Our previous study showed that the  P. gingivalis  sialidase can help cells obtain sialic acid from the environment, which is used to modify macromolecules on the surface of  P. gingivalis  cells. In this study, we compared the survival, virulence factors and biofilm formation of a sialidase-deficient strain (ΔPG0352) and the wild-type  P. gingivalis  W83 strain under various pH values, temperatures and oxidative stress conditions to identify the roles of sialidase in the adaptation of  P. gingivalis  to stressful conditions.    Results  Compared to the growth of the  P. gingivalis  W83 strain, the growth of the △PG0352 was more inhibited by oxidative stress (0.25 and 0.5 mM H 2 O 2 ) and exhibited greater cell structure damage when treated with H 2 O 2  as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Both Lys-gingipain (Kgp) and Arg-gingipain (Rgp) activities were lower in the ΔPG0352 than those in the  P. gingivalis  W83 strain under all the assayed culture conditions. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity of the W83 strain was higher than that of the ΔPG0352 under acidic conditions (pH 5.0), but no differences between the strains were observed under other conditions. Compared to the biofilms formed by  P. gingivalis  W83, those formed by the ΔPG0352 were decreased and discontinuous under acidic, alkaline and oxidative stress conditions.    Conclusion  Compared to the  P. gingivalis  W83 strain, the survival, virulence and biofilm formation of the ΔPG0352 were decreased under stressful environmental conditions.

bmc microbiology

Differences in survival, virulence and biofilm formation between sialidase-deficient and W83 wild-type Porphyromonas gingivalis strains under stressful environmental conditions