English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  The Gram-negative bacterium  Vibrio vulnificus  can cause severe disease in humans who consume undercooked, contaminated seafood. To study food-borne  V. vulnificus  disease in the laboratory, mouse virulence studies predominantly use death as the primary experimental endpoint because behaviorally based moribund status does not consistently predict lethality. This study assessed ventral surface temperature (VST) and its association with mouse survival during  V. vulnificus  virulence studies as an efficacious, humane alternative.    Methods  VST of mice intragastrically inoculated with  V. vulnificus  was measured every 2-h for 24 h and data for minimal VST analyzed for prediction of lethal outcome.    Results  In contrast to the relatively stable VST of mock-infected control animals, mice infected with  V. vulnificus  exhibited hypothermia with minima occurring 8 to 12 h post-inoculation. The minimum VST of mice that proceeded to death was significantly lower than that of surviving mice. VST ≤ 23.5 °C was predictive of subsequent death with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 95%.    Conclusions  Use of VST ≤ 23.5 °C as an experimental endpoint during  V. vulnificus  infection has potential to reduce suffering of nearly 70% of mice for a mean of 10 h per mouse, without compromising experimental efficacy. Temperature cutoff of 23.5 °C exhibited 93% positive and 77% negative predictive value. For future  V. vulnificus  virulence studies requiring only binary comparison (e.g., LD 50  assays), we find that VST can be applied as a humane endpoint. However, use of VST is not recommended when detailed survival kinetics are desired.

Surface hypothermia predicts murine mortality in the intragastric Vibrio vulnificus infection model