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Background  Poultry farming and consumption of poultry ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) meat and eggs are common gastronomical practices worldwide. Till now, a detailed understanding about the gut colonisation of  Gallus gallus domesticus  by yeasts and their virulence properties and drug resistance patterns in available literature remain sparse. This study was undertaken to explore this prevalent issue.    Results  A total of 103 specimens of fresh droppings of broiler chickens (commercial  G domesticus ) and domesticated chickens (domesticated  G domesticus ) were collected from the breeding sites. The isolates comprised of 29 (33%)  Debaryozyma hansenii  ( Candida famata) , 12 (13.6%)  Sporothrix catenata  ( C. ciferrii ), 10 (11.4%)  C. albicans , 8 (9.1%)  Diutnia catenulata  ( C. catenulate) , 6 (6.8%)  C. tropicalis , 3 (3.4%)  Candida acidothermophilum (C. krusei) , 2 (2.3%)  C. pintolopesii , 1 (1.1%)  C. parapsilosis , 9 (10.2%)  Trichosporon  spp.  (T. moniliiforme, T. asahii) , 4 (4.5%)  Geotrichum candidum , 3 (3.4%)  Cryptococcus macerans  and 1 (1%)  Cystobasidium minuta (Rhodotorula minuta ). Virulence factors, measured among different yeast species, showed wide variability. Biofilm cells exhibited higher Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values (μg/ml) than planktonic cells against all antifungal compounds tested: (fluconazole, 8–512 vs 0.031–16; amphotericin B, 0.5–64 vs 0.031–16; voriconazole 0.062–16 vs 0.062–8; caspofungin, 0.062–4 vs 0.031–1).    Conclusions  The present work extends the current understanding of in vitro virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility pattern of gastrointestinal yeast flora of  G domesticus.  More studies with advanced techniques are needed to quantify the risk of spread of these potential pathogens to environment and human.

bmc microbiology

Diversity, in-vitro virulence traits and antifungal susceptibility pattern of gastrointestinal yeast flora of healthy poultry, Gallus gallus domesticus