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Background  The basidiomycetous yeast  Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous  has been described as a potential biofactory for terpenoid-derived compounds due to its ability to synthesize astaxanthin. Functional knowledge of the genes involved in terpenoid synthesis would create opportunities to enhance carotenoid production. A thiolase enzyme catalyzes the first step in terpenoid synthesis.    Results  Two potential thiolase-encoding genes were found in the yeast genome; bioinformatically, one was identified as an acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase ( ERG10 ), and the other was identified as a 3-ketoacyl Co-A thiolase ( POT1 ). Heterologous complementation assays in  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  showed that the  ERG10  gene from  X. dendrorhous  could complement the lack of the endogenous  ERG10  gene in  S. cerevisiae , thereby allowing cellular growth and sterol synthesis.  X. dendrorhous  heterozygous mutants for each gene were created, and a homozygous  POT1  mutant was also obtained. This mutant exhibited changes in pigment composition and higher  ERG10  transcript levels than the wild type strain.    Conclusions  The results support the notion that the  ERG10  gene in  X. dendrorhous  is a functional acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase essential for the synthesis of mevalonate in yeast. The  POT1  gene would encode a functional 3-ketoacyl Co-A thiolase that is non-essential for cell growth, but its mutation indirectly affects pigment production.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0893-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Functional characterization of thiolase-encoding genes from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and their effects on carotenoid synthesis