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Background   Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae  is the etiologic agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, which causes important worldwide economic losses in the swine industry. Several respiratory tract infections are associated with biofilm formation, and  A. pleuropneumoniae  has the ability to form biofilms in vitro. Biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymer matrix that are attached to an abiotic or biotic surface. Virtually all bacteria can grow as a biofilm, and multi-species biofilms are the most common form of microbial growth in nature. The goal of this study was to determine the ability of  A. pleuropneumoniae  to form multi-species biofilms with other bacteria frequently founded in pig farms, in the absence of pyridine compounds (nicotinamide mononucleotide [NMN], nicotinamide riboside [NR] or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD]) that are essential for the growth of  A. pleuropneumoniae .    Results  For the biofilm assay, strain 719, a field isolate of  A. pleuropneumoniae  serovar 1, was mixed with swine isolates of  Streptococcus suis ,  Bordetella bronchiseptica ,  Pasteurella multocida ,  Staphylococcus aureus  or  Escherichia coli , and deposited in 96-well microtiter plates. Based on the CFU results,  A. pleuropneumoniae  was able to grow with every species tested in the absence of pyridine compounds in the culture media. Interestingly,  A. pleuropneumoniae  was also able to form strong biofilms when mixed with  S. suis ,  B. bronchiseptica  or  S. aureus.  In the presence of  E. coli ,  A. pleuropneumoniae  only formed a weak biofilm. The live and dead populations, and the matrix composition of multi-species biofilms were also characterized using fluorescent markers and enzyme treatments. The results indicated that poly- N -acetyl-glucosamine remains the primary component responsible for the biofilm structure.    Conclusions  In conclusion,  A. pleuropneumoniae  apparently is able to satisfy the requirement of pyridine compounds through of other swine pathogens by cross-feeding, which enables  A. pleuropneumoniae  to grow and form multi-species biofilms.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0742-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Auxotrophic Actinobacillus pleurpneumoniae grows in multispecies biofilms without the need for nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supplementation