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Background   Vibrio parahaemolyticus  is a major foodborne pathogen, particularly in Asian countries. Increased occurrence of outbreaks of  V. parahaemolyticus  gastroenteritis in China indicates the need to evaluation of the prevalence of this pathogenic species.  V. parahaemolyticus  distribution in shellfish from the eastern coast of China has been reported previously. However, to date, the prevalence of  V. parahaemolyticus  in retail aquatic products in North China has not been determined. To investigate the prevalence of  V. parahaemolyticus  in aquatic products in North China, 260 aquatic product samples were obtained from retail markets in 6 provinces of North China from November to December in 2012 and July to August in 2013.    Results   V. parahaemolyticus  was detected in 94 (36.2 %) of the samples by the most probable number method. The density of  V. parahaemolyticus  ranged from 1.50 to 1100 MPN/g.  V. parahaemolyticus  was detected at a rate of 50.0 % and 22.7 % in summer and in winter, respectively. The density of  V. parahaemolyticus  was significantly higher in summer than in winter, with mean levels of 16.5 MPN/g and 5.0 MPN/g, respectively. Among 145  V. parahaemolyticus  isolates examined, none of the isolates possessed  tdh  and  trh . In multiplex PCR-based O-antigen serotyping of these 145 isolates, all serotypes, other than O6, O7, and O9, were detected, and serotype O2 was found to be the most prevalent (detected in 54 isolates). The 145 isolates were grouped into 7 clusters by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) at a similarity coefficient of 0.66. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of these 145 isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents revealed that most of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin (86.2 %), while fewer were resistant to ampicillin (49.6 %), cefazolin (43.5 %), cephalothin (35.9 %), and kanamycin (22.1 %). All of the examined isolates were susceptible to azithromycin and chloramphenicol.    Conclusions  The findings of this study will help in defining appropriate monitoring programs, understanding of the dissemination of antibiotic resistant strains, and providing information for the assessment of exposure to this microorganism at the consumption level.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0650-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence, characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from retail aquatic products in North China