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Background   Candida parapsilosis  and  C. tropicalis  increasingly compete with  C. albicans —the most common fungal pathogen in humans—as causative agents of severe candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. In contrast to  C. albicans , the pathogenic mechanisms of these two non-albicans  Candida  species are poorly understood. Adhesion of  Candida  yeast to host cells and the extracellular matrix is critical for fungal invasion of hosts.    Methods  The fungal proteins involved in interactions with extracellular matrix proteins were isolated from mixtures of β-1,3-glucanase– or β-1,6-glucanase–extractable cell wall-associated proteins by use of affinity chromatography and chemical cross-linking methods, and were further identified by liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry.    Results  In the present study, we characterized the binding of three major extracellular matrix proteins—fibronectin, vitronectin and laminin—to  C. parapsilosis  and  C. tropicalis  pseudohyphae. The major individual compounds of the fungal cell wall that bound fibronectin, vitronectin and laminin were found to comprise two groups: (1) true cell wall components similar to  C. albicans  adhesins from the Als, Hwp and Iff/Hyr families; and (2) atypical (cytoplasm-derived) surface-exposed proteins, including malate synthase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, enolase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, transketolase, transaldolase and elongation factor 2.    Discussion  The adhesive abilities of two investigated non-albicans  Candida  species toward extracellular matrix proteins were comparable to those of  C. albicans  suggesting an important role of this particular virulence attribute in the pathogenesis of infections caused by  C. tropicalis  and  C. parapsilosis .    Conclusions  Our results reveal new insight into host–pathogen interactions during infections by two important, recently emerging, fungal pathogens.

Fibronectin-, vitronectin- and laminin-binding proteins at the cell walls of Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis pathogenic yeasts