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Background  The diversity of lichen fungal components and their photosynthetic partners reflects both ecological and evolutionary factors. In present study, molecular investigations of the internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS nrDNA) region were conducted to analyze the genetic diversity of  Umbilicaria esculenta  and  U. muehlenbergii  together with their associated green algae.    Result  It was here demonstrated that the reproductive strategy is a principal reason for fungal selectivity to algae.  U. muehlenbergii,  which disperses via sexual spores, exhibits lower selectivity to its photosynthetic partners than  U. esculenta , which has a vegetative reproductive strategy. The difference of genotypic diversity (both fungal and algal) between these two  Umbilicaria  species is low, although their nucleotide diversity can vary greatly.    Conclusions  The present study illustrates that lichen-forming fungi with sexual reproductive strategies are less selective with respect to their photobionts; and reveals that both sexual and vegetative reproduction allow lichens to generate similar amounts of diversity to adapt to the environments. The current study will be helpful for elucidating how lichens with different reproductive strategies adapt to changing environments.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0527-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc microbiology

Distribution patterns of haplotypes for symbionts from Umbilicaria esculenta and U. muehlenbergii reflect the importance of reproductive strategy in shaping population genetic structure