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Background Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and microneme-associated antigen (MIC) of  Plasmodium  parasites are important factors involved in host cell invasion. Methods In this study, influenza VLP vaccines containing both codon-optimized AMA1 and MIC were generated and the vaccine efficacy was evaluated in mice. Results VLPs vaccine immunization elicited higher levels of parasite-specific IgG and IgG2a antibody responses in sera. CD4 +  and CD8 +  T cells and germinal center B cells in blood, inguinal lymph nodes (ILN) and spleen were found to be significantly increased. Importantly, VLPs vaccination significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α, decreased parasitemia in blood, resulting in lower body weight loss and longer survival time compared to control. Conclusion These results indicated that VLPs containing  P. berghei  AMA1 and MIC could be a candidate for malaria blood-stage vaccine design.

bmc immunology

Influenza virus-like particle vaccine containing both apical membrane antigen 1 and microneme-associated antigen proteins of Plasmodium berghei confers protection in mice