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Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are transcription factors (TFs) that have been shown to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species. However, the  bHLH  gene family in  Populus deltoids  has not yet been reported. In this study, 185  PdbHLH  genes were identified in the  Populus deltoids  genome and were classified into 15 groups based on their sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationships. Analysis of the gene structure, chromosome location and conserved motif of the  PdbHLH  genes were performed by bioinformatic methods. Gene duplication analyses revealed that 114  PdbHLH  were expanded and retained after WGD/segmental and proximal duplication. Investigation of cis-regulatory elements of  PdbHLH  genes indicated that many  PdbHLH  genes are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The expression patterns of  PdbHLHs  were obtained from previous data in two colored-leaf poplar (QHP and JHP) and green leaf poplar (L2025). Further analysis revealed that 12 candidate genes, including 3 genes ( PdbHLH57 ,  PdbHLH143 , and  PdbHLH173 ) from the subgroup III(f) and 9 gene from other groups, were positively associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, 4 genes ( PdbHLH4 ,  PdbHLH1 ,  PdbHLH18 , and  PdbHLH164 ) may be involved in negatively regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis. These results provide a basis for the functional characterization of  bHLH  genes and investigations on the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in colored-leaf poplar.

bmc genomics

Genome-wide identification and characterization of PdbHLH transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in colored-leaf poplar (Populus deltoids)