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Background Obesity has been recognized as a worldwide growing problem, producing many pathologies including the promotion of “proinflammatory state.” The etiology of human obesity is still only partially understood; however, the genetic background has been proved. Its nature is complex, and currently, it appears that the combined effects of the interactions among multiple genes should receive more attention. Due to the fact that obesity promotes proinflammatory conditions, in this study, we investigated the genetic polymorphism of IL-1 family genes in healthy people with normal and elevated body mass index (BMI) and fat %. Results The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the  IL1A  -889C &gt; T (rs1800587),  IL1B  + 3954 T &gt; C (rs1143634), and  IL1RN  -87G &gt; A (rs2234677) genes alone were associated neither with BMI nor fat % values in tested group. The associations between SNP–SNP interaction and BMI for the  IL1B  ×  IL1RN  interactions were significant for dominant model ( p  = 0.02) and codominant model ( p  = 0.03). The same SNP-SNP interaction ( IL1B  ×  IL1RN ) was associated also with fat % for codominant ( p  = 0.01) and recessive ( p  = 0.002) models. Conclusions This study further confirmed that IL-1 family genes are involved in genetic background of obesity. It has been shown that interaction  IL1B  ×  IL1RN  was associated with both BMI and fat % with rare T allele protecting form higher values. Thus, even if certain polymorphisms in single genes of IL-1 family cannot be defined as related to obesity in examined population, the genetic interrelationships should be analyzed.

The interactions between interleukin-1 family genes: IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, and obesity parameters