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Background Rose is one of the most popular flowers in the wold. Its field growth and quality are negatively affected by aphids. However, the defence mechanisms used by rose plants against aphids are unclear. Therefore, to understand the defence mechanism of rose under aphid stress, transcriptome and metabolome techniques were used to investigate the regulation mechanism in  R. longicuspis  infected with  M. rosivorum.  Result In our study, after inoculation with  M. rosivorum ,  M. rosivorum  quickly colonized  R. longicuspis . A total of 34,202 genes and 758 metabolites were detected in all samples. Under  M. rosivorum  stress,  R. longicuspis  responded by MAPK cascades, plant hormone signal transduction pathway activation,  RlMYBs  and  RlERFs  transcription factors expression and ROS production. Interestingly, the ‘brassinosteroid biosynthesis’ pathway was significantly enriched in A3 d-vs.-A5 d. Further analysis showed that  M. rosivorum  induced the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, tannins and phenolic acids, among others. Importantly, the ‘glutathione metabolic’ and ‘glucosinolate biosynthesis’ pathways were significantly enriched, which involved in the rose against aphids. Conclusion Our study provides candidate genes and metabolites for  Rosa  defence against aphids. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular regulation mechanism of rose aphid resistance and aphid resistance breeding in the future.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic changes triggered by Macrosiphum rosivorum in rose (Rosa longicuspis)