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Background  Xylan is one of the most abundant hemicelluloses and can crosslink cellulose and lignin to increase the stability of cell walls. A number of genes encoding glycosyltransferases play vital roles in xylan biosynthesis in plants, such as those of the GT43 family. However, little is known about glycosyltransferases in bamboo, especially woody bamboo which is a good substitute for timber.    Results  A total of 17 GT43 genes ( PeGT43 – 1  ~  PeGT43 – 17 ) were identified in the genome of moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis ), which belong to three subfamilies with specific motifs. The phylogenetic and collinearity analyses showed that  PeGT43 s may have undergone gene duplication, as a result of collinearity found in 12 pairs of  PeGT43 s, and between 17  PeGT43 s and 10  OsGT43 s. A set of  cis -acting elements such as hormones, abiotic stress response and MYB binding elements were found in the promoter of  PeGT43 s.  PeGT43 s were expressed differently in 26 tissues, among which the highest expression level was found in the shoots, especially in the rapid elongation zone and nodes. The genes coexpressed with  PeGT43 s were annotated as associated with polysaccharide metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis. qRT–PCR results showed that the coexpressed genes had similar expression patterns with a significant increase in 4.0 m shoots and a peak in 6.0 m shoots during fast growth. In addition, the xylan content and structural polysaccharide staining intensity in bamboo shoots showed a strong positive correlation with the expression of  PeGT43 s. Yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that PeMYB35 could recognize the 5′ UTR/promoter of  PeGT43–5  by binding to the SMRE  cis -elements.    Conclusions   PeGT43 s were found to be adapted to the requirement of xylan biosynthesis during rapid cell elongation and cell wall accumulation, as evidenced by the expression profile of  PeGT43 s and the rate of xylan accumulation in bamboo shoots. Yeast one-hybrid analysis suggested that PeMYB35 might be involved in xylan biosynthesis by regulating the expression of  PeGT43–5  by binding to its 5′ UTR/promoter. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of  PeGT43 s in moso bamboo and lays a foundation for further functional analysis of  PeGT43 s for xylan biosynthesis during rapid growth.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08192-y.

bmc genomics

Identification and expression analysis of the glycosyltransferase GT43 family members in bamboo reveal their potential function in xylan biosynthesis during rapid growth