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Background  Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera)  productivity has been severely affected by various bacterial, viral and fungal diseases worldwide. When a plant is infected with the pathogen, various defense mechanisms are subsequently activated in plants at various molecular levels. Thus, for substantiating the disease control in an eco-friendly way, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms governing pathogen resistance in grapes.    Results  In our study, we performed genome-wide identification of various defensive genes expressed during powdery mildew (PM) and downy mildew (DM) infections in grapevine. Consequently, we identified 6, 21, 2, 5, 3 and 48 genes of  Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1), Non-Race-specific Disease Resistance (NDR1), Phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4), Nonexpressor of PR Gene (NPR), Required for Mla-specified resistance (RAR)  and  Pathogenesis Related (PR) , respectively, in the grapevine genome. The phylogenetic study revealed that  V. vinifera  defensive genes are evolutionarily related to  Arabidopsis thaliana.  Differential expression analysis resulted in identification of 2, 4, 7, 2, 4, 1 and 7 differentially expressed  Nucleotide-binding leucine rich repeat receptor  ( NLR), EDS1, NDR1, PAD4, NPR, RAR1  and  PR  respectively against PM infections and 28, 2, 5, 4, 1 and 19 differentially expressed  NLR, EDS1, NDR1, NPR, RAR1  and  PR  respectively against DM infections in  V. vinifera.  The co-expression study showed the occurrence of closely correlated defensive genes that were expressed during PM and DM stress conditions.    Conclusion  The PM and DM responsive defensive genes found in this study can be characterized in future for impelling studies relaying fungal and oomycete resistance in plants, and the functionally validated genes would then be available for conducting  in-planta  transgenic gene expression studies for grapes.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08081-4.

Identification of defense related gene families and their response against powdery and downy mildew infections in Vitis vinifera