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Background  Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a life-threatening zoonosis caused by the larval form of  Echinococcus granulosus  tapeworm. Our previous study showed that an approved drug pyronaridine (PND) is highly effective against CE, both  in vitro  and in an animal model. To identify possible target genes, transcriptome analysis was performed with  E. granulosus sensu stricto  protoscoleces treated with PND.    Results  A total of 1,321 genes were differentially expressed in protoscoleces treated with PND, including 541 upregulated and 780 downregulated genes. Gene ontology and KEGG analyses revealed that the spliceosome, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were the top three enriched pathways. Western blot analysis showed that PND treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in protein expression levels of  Eg MKK1 (MKK3/6-like) and  Eg MKK2 (MEK1/2-like), two members of MAPK cascades. Interestingly, several heat shock protein (HSP) genes were greatly downregulated including stress-inducible HSPs and their constitutive cognates, and some of them belong to  Echinococcus -specific expansion of HSP70.    Conclusions  PND has a great impact on the spliceosome, MAPK pathway and ABC transporters, which may underline the mechanisms by which PND kills  E. granulosus  protoscoleces. In addition, PND downregulates HSPs expression, suggesting a close relationship between the drug and HSPs.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07875-w.

bmc genomics

Transcriptome analysis uncovers the key pathways and candidate genes related to the treatment of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces with the repurposed drug pyronaridine