English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Tsetse flies are the obligate vectors of African trypanosomes, which cause Human and Animal African Trypanosomiasis. Teneral flies (newly eclosed adults) are especially susceptible to parasite establishment and development, yet our understanding of why remains fragmentary. The tsetse gut microbiome is dominated by two Gammaproteobacteria, an essential and ancient mutualist  Wigglesworthia glossinidia  and a commensal  Sodalis glossinidius . Here, we characterize and compare the metatranscriptome of teneral  Glossina morsitans  to that of  G. brevipalpis  and describe unique immunological, physiological, and metabolic landscapes that may impact vector competence differences between these two species.    Results  An active expression profile was observed for  Wigglesworthia  immediately following host adult metamorphosis. Specifically, ‘translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis’ followed by ‘coenzyme transport and metabolism’ were the most enriched clusters of orthologous genes (COGs), highlighting the importance of nutrient transport and metabolism even following host species diversification. Despite the significantly smaller  Wigglesworthia  genome more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between interspecific isolates ( n  = 326, ~ 55% of protein coding genes) than between the corresponding  Sodalis  isolates ( n  = 235, ~ 5% of protein coding genes) likely reflecting distinctions in host co-evolution and adaptation. DEGs between  Sodalis  isolates included genes involved in chitin degradation that may contribute towards trypanosome susceptibility by compromising the immunological protection provided by the peritrophic matrix. Lastly,  G. brevipalpis  tenerals demonstrate a more immunologically robust background with significant upregulation of IMD and melanization pathways.    Conclusions  These transcriptomic differences may collectively contribute to vector competence differences between tsetse species and offers translational relevance towards the design of novel vector control strategies.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07729-5.

The holobiont transcriptome of teneral tsetse fly species of varying vector competence