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Background  Ginseng is an important medicinal herb in Asia and Northern America. The basic leucine zipper ( bZIP ) transcription factor genes play important roles in many biological processes and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, such as drought stress. Nevertheless, the genes remain unknown in ginseng.    Results  Here, we report 91  bZIP  genes identified from ginseng, designated  PgbZIP  genes. These  PgbZIP  genes were alternatively spliced into 273 transcripts. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the  PgbZIP  genes into ten groups, including A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and S. Gene Ontology (GO) categorized the  PgbZIP  genes into five functional subcategories, suggesting that they have diversified in functionality, even though their putative proteins share a number of conserved motifs. These 273  PgbZIP  transcripts expressed differentially across 14 tissues, the roots of different ages and the roots of different genotypes. However, the transcripts of the genes expressed coordinately and were more likely to form a co-expression network. Furthermore, we studied the responses of the  PgbZIP  genes to drought stress in ginseng using a random selection of five  PgbZIP  genes, including  PgbZIP25 ,  PgbZIP38 ,  PgbZIP39 ,  PgbZIP53  and  PgbZIP54 . The results showed that all five  PgbZIP  genes responded to drought stress in ginseng, indicating that the  PgbZIP  genes play important roles in ginseng responses to drought stress.    Conclusions  These results provide knowledge and gene resources for deeper functional analysis of the  PgbZIP  genes and molecular tools for enhanced drought tolerance breeding in ginseng.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07624-z.

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor genes and their responses to drought stress in ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer