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Background  Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata  L.) is one of the most important cool-season perennial forage grasses that is widely cultivated in the world and is highly tolerant to stressful conditions. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this tolerance. The  NAC (NAM ,  ATAF1/2 , and  CUC2 ) transcription factor family is a large plant-specific gene family that actively participates in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. At present, owing to the absence of genomic information,  NAC  genes have not been systematically studied in orchardgrass. The recent release of the complete genome sequence of orchardgrass provided a basic platform for the investigation of DgNAC proteins.    Results  Using the recently released orchardgrass genome database, a total of 108  NAC  ( DgNAC ) genes were identified in the orchardgrass genome database and named based on their chromosomal location. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the DgNAC proteins were distributed in 14 subgroups based on homology with NAC proteins in  Arabidopsis , including the orchardgrass-specific subgroup Dg_NAC. Gene structure analysis suggested that the number of exons varied from 1 to 15, and multitudinous  DgNAC  genes contained three exons. Chromosomal mapping analysis found that the  DgNAC  genes were unevenly distributed on seven orchardgrass chromosomes. For the gene expression analysis, the expression levels of  DgNAC  genes in different tissues and floral bud developmental stages were quite different. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed distinct expression patterns of 12  DgNAC  genes in response to different abiotic stresses. The results from the RNA-seq data revealed that orchardgrass-specific  NAC  exhibited expression preference or specificity in diverse abiotic stress responses, and the results indicated that these genes may play an important role in the adaptation of orchardgrass under different environments.    Conclusions  In the current study, a comprehensive and systematic genome-wide analysis of the  NAC  gene family in orchardgrass was first performed. A total of 108  NAC  genes were identified in orchardgrass, and the expression of  NAC  genes during plant growth and floral bud development and response to various abiotic stresses were investigated. These results will be helpful for further functional characteristic descriptions of  DgNAC  genes and the improvement of orchardgrass in breeding programs.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07485-6.

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the NAC transcription factor family in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)