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Background  Root systems are critical for plant growth and development. The Casparian strip in root systems is involved in stress resistance and maintaining homeostasis. Casparian strip membrane domain proteins (CASPs) are responsible for the formation of Casparian strips.    Results  To investigate the function of CASPs in cotton, we identified and characterized 48, 54, 91 and 94  CASPs  from  Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii, Gossypium barbadense  and  Gossypium hirsutum,  respectively, at the genome-wide level. However, only 29 common homologous  CASP  genes were detected in the four  Gossypium  species. A collinearity analysis revealed that whole genome duplication (WGD) was the primary reason for the expansion of the genes of the  CASP  family in the four cotton species. However, dispersed duplication could also contribute to the expansion of the  GaCASPs  gene family in the ancestors of  G. arboreum . Phylogenetic analysis was used to cluster a total of 85  CASP  genes from  G. arboreum  and  Arabidopsis  into six distinct groups, while the genetic structure and motifs of  CASPs  were conserved in the same group. Most  GaCASPs  were expressed in diverse tissues, with the exception of that five  GaCASP s ( Ga08G0113, Ga08G0114 ,  Ga08G0116 ,  Ga08G0117  and  Ga08G0118 ) that were highly expressed in root tissues. Analyses of the tissue and subcellular localization suggested that  GaCASP27  genes ( Ga08G0117 ) are membrane protein genes located in the root. In the  GaCASP27  silenced plants and the  Arabidopsis  mutants, the lateral root number significantly increased. Furthermore,  GaMYB36 , which is related to root development was found to regulate lateral root growth by targeting  GaCASP27.Conclusions  This study provides a fundamental understanding of the  CASP  gene family in cotton and demonstrates the regulatory role of  GaCASP27  on lateral root growth and development.

Casparian strip membrane domain proteins in Gossypium arboreum: genome-wide identification and negative regulation of lateral root growth