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Background  Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) is one of the main Ca 2+  combined protein kinase that play significant roles in plant growth, development and response to multiple stresses. Despite an important member of the stress responsive gene family, little is known about the evolutionary history and expression patterns of  CPK  genes in pineapple.    Results  Herein, we identified and characterized 17  AcoCPK  genes from pineapple genome, which were unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Based on the gene structure and phylogenetic tree analyses,  AcoCPKs  were divided into four groups with conserved domain. Synteny analysis identified 7 segmental duplication events of  AcoCPKs  and 5 syntenic blocks of  CPK  genes between pineapple and  Arabidopsis , and 8 between pineapple and rice. Expression pattern of different tissues and development stages suggested that several genes are involved in the functional development of plants. Different expression levels under various abiotic stresses also indicated that the  CPK  family underwent functional divergence during long-term evolution.  AcoCPK1 ,  AcoCPK3  and  AcoCPK6 , which were repressed by the abiotic stresses, were shown to be function in regulating pathogen resistance.    Conclusions  17  AcoCPK  genes from pineapple genome were identified. Our analyses provide an important foundation for understanding the potential roles of  AcoCPKs  in regulating pineapple response to biotic and abiotic stresses

bmc genomics

Genome-wide investigation of calcium-dependent protein kinase gene family in pineapple: evolution and expression profiles during development and stress