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Background  Histone acetylation is a ubiquitous and reversible post-translational modification in eukaryotes and prokaryotes that is co-regulated by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). HAT activity is important for the modification of chromatin structure in eukaryotic cells, affecting gene transcription and thereby playing a crucial regulatory role in plant development. Comprehensive analyses of  HAT  genes have been performed in  Arabidopsis thaliana ,  Oryza sativa , barley, grapes, tomato, litchi and  Zea mays , but comparable identification and analyses have not been conducted in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ).    Results  In this study, 31  TaHAT s were identified and divided into six groups with conserved gene structures and motif compositions. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to predict functional similarities between  Arabidopsis thaliana ,  Oryza sativa  and  Triticum aestivum  HAT genes. The  TaHAT s appeared to be regulated by  cis -acting elements such as LTR and TC-rich repeats. The qRT–PCR analysis showed that the  TaHAT s were differentially expressed in multiple tissues. The  TaHAT s in expression also responded to temperature changes, and were all significantly upregulated after being infected by barley streak mosaic virus (BSMV), Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) and wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV).    Conclusions  These results suggest that  TaHAT s may have specific roles in the response to viral infection and provide a basis for further study of  TaHAT  functions in  T. aestivum  plant immunity.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07348-6.

Genome-wide identification of the histone acetyltransferase gene family in Triticum aestivum