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Background  The  Gretchen Hagen 3  ( GH3 ) genes encode acyl acid amido synthetases, many of which have been shown to modulate the amount of active plant hormones or their precursors.  GH3  genes, especially Group III subgroup 6  GH3  genes, and their expression patterns in economically important  B. oleracea  var.  oleracea  have not been systematically identified.    Results  As a first step to understand regulation and molecular functions of Group III subgroup 6  GH3  genes, 34  GH3  genes including four subgroup 6 genes were identified in  B. oleracea  var.  oleracea . Synteny found around subgroup 6  GH3  genes in  B. oleracea  var.  oleracea  and  Arabidopsis thaliana  indicated that these genes are evolutionarily related. Although expression of four subgroup 6  GH3  genes in  B. oleracea  var.  oleracea  is not induced by auxin, gibberellic acid, or jasmonic acid, the genes show different organ-dependent expression patterns. Among subgroup 6  GH3  genes in  B. oleracea  var.  oleracea , only  BoGH3.13–1  is expressed in anthers when microspores, polarized microspores, and bicellular pollens are present, similar to two out of four syntenic  A. thaliana  subgroup 6  GH3  genes. Detailed analyses of promoter activities further showed that  BoGH3.13–1  is expressed in tapetal cells and pollens in anther, and also expressed in leaf primordia and floral abscission zones.    Conclusions  Sixty-two base pairs (bp) region (− 340 ~ − 279 bp upstream from start codon) and about 450 bp region (− 1489 to − 1017 bp) in  BoGH3.13–1  promoter are important for expressions in anther and expressions in leaf primordia and floral abscission zones, respectively. The identified anther-specific promoter region can be used to develop male sterile transgenic  Brassica  plants.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07345-9.

Genome-wide identification of GH3 genes in Brassica oleracea and identification of a promoter region for anther-specific expression of a GH3 gene