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Background  The nosocomial pathogen  Enterococcus faecium  can survive for prolonged periods of time on surfaces in the absence of nutrients. This trait is thought to contribute to the ability of  E. faecium  to spread among patients in hospitals. There is currently a lack of data on the mechanisms that are responsible for the ability of  E. faecium  to survive in the absence of nutrients.    Results  We performed a high-throughput transposon mutant library screening (Tn-seq) to identify genes that have a role in long-term survival during incubation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 20 °C. A total of 24 genes were identified by Tn-seq to contribute to survival in PBS, with functions associated with the general stress response, DNA repair, metabolism, and membrane homeostasis. The gene which was quantitatively most important for survival in PBS was  usp  (locus tag: EfmE745_02439), which is predicted to encode a 17.4 kDa universal stress protein. After generating a targeted deletion mutant in  usp , we were able to confirm that  usp  significantly contributes to survival in PBS and this defect was restored by  in trans  complementation. The  usp  gene is present in 99% of a set of 1644  E. faecium  genomes that collectively span the diversity of the species.    Conclusions  We postulate that  usp  is a key determinant for the remarkable environmental robustness of  E. faecium . Further mechanistic studies into  usp  and other genes identified in this study may shed further light on the mechanisms by which  E. faecium  can survive in the absence of nutrients for prolonged periods of time.

Conditionally essential genes for survival during starvation in Enterococcus faecium E745