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Background  GGPP (geranylgeranyl diphosphate) is produced in the isoprenoid pathway and mediates the function of various plant metabolites, which is synthesized by GGPPS (GGPP synthases) in plants.  GGPPS  characterization has not been performed in any plant species except  Arabidopsis thaliana . Here, we performed a complete computational and bioinformatics analysis of  GGPPS  and detected their transcription expression pattern in  Gossypium hirsutum  for the first time so that to explore their evolutionary relationship and potential functions. Finally, we unravelled evolutionary relationship, conserved sequence logos, gene duplication and potential involvement in plant development and abiotic stresses tolerance of  GGPPS  genes in  G. hirsutum  and other plant species.    Results  A total of 159  GGPPS  genes from 18 plant species were identified and evolutionary analysis divided these  GGPPS  genes into five groups to indicate their divergence from a common ancestor. Further,  GGPPS  family genes were conserved during evolution and underwent segmental duplication. The identified 25  GhGGPPS  genes showed diverse expression pattern particularly in ovule and fiber development indicating their vital and divers roles in the fiber development. Additionally,  GhGGPPS  genes exhibited wide range of responses when subjected to abiotic (heat, cold, NaCl and PEG) stresses and hormonal (BL, GA, IAA, SA and MeJA) treatments, indicating their potential roles in various biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance.    Conclusions  The  GGPPS  genes are evolutionary conserved and might be involve in different developmental stages and stress response. Some potential key genes (e.g.  GhGGPP4, GhGGPP9,  and  GhGGPP15 ) were suggested for further study and provided valuable source for cotton breeding to improve fiber quality and resistant to various stresses.

bmc genomics

Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase genes in cotton (Gossypium spp.) in plant development and abiotic stresses