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Background  As one of the most important transcription factor families, GRAS proteins are involved in numerous regulatory processes, especially plant growth and development. However, they have not been systematically analyzed in  Brachypodium distachyon , a new model grass.    Results  In this study, 48  BdGRAS  genes were identified. Duplicated genes account for 41.7% of them and contribute to the expansion of this gene family. 33, 39, 35 and 35  BdGRAS  genes were identified by synteny with their orthologs in rice, sorghum, maize and wheat genome, respectively, indicating close relationships among these species. Based on their phylogenic relationships to  GRAS  genes in rice and maize,  BdGRAS  genes can be divided into ten subfamilies in which members of the same subfamily showed similar protein sequences, conserved motifs and gene structures, suggesting possible conserved functions. Although expression variation is high, some  BdGRAS  genes are tissue-specific, phytohormones- or abiotic stresses-responsive, and they may play key roles in development, signal transduction pathways and stress responses. In addition,  DELLA  genes  BdSLR1  and  BdSLRL1  were functionally characterized to play a role in plant growth via the GA signal pathway, consistent with GO annotations and KEGG pathway analyses.    Conclusions  Systematic analyses of  BdGRAS  genes indicated that members of the same subfamily may play similar roles. This was supported by the conserved functions of  BdSLR1  and  BdSLRL1  in GA pathway. These results laid a foundation for further functional elucidation of  BdGRAS  genes, especially,  BdSLR1  and  BdSLRL1 .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5985-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genome-wide identification of GRAS genes in Brachypodium distachyon and functional characterization of BdSLR1 and BdSLRL1