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Background  Intercellular adhesion and biofilm production by  Staphylococcus aureus  makes these bacteria resistant to antimicrobial therapy. Here, Methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) strains were characterized and the prevalence of genes encoding adhesion factors and biofilm formation was determined.    Results  All 248 MRSA isolates identified by cefoxitin disc diffusion were positive for the  mec A gene. SCC mec -IV was the most frequently detected genotype (92.7%) and SCC mec -IVa was also very prevalent (84.3%). The quantitative microtiter plate assay showed that all the isolates were able to produce biofilm with levels ranging from high (21%) to moderate (46.4%) to low (32.7%).  All the strains possessed the  icaD/icaA genes  and produced biofilm ( P  < 0.05). None of the isolates possessed the  bap  gene .  Furthermore, 94.8% of the isolates were positive for eno, 80.2% for  clfA  and for  clfB , 78.2% for  fnbA , 76.2% for  ebps , 62.2% for  fib , 39.9% for  cna and  29.0% for  fnbB.  Also, nearly 69.8% of the isolates were positive for the gene  sarA . All four  agr  groups were present:  agr  group 1 was predominant with 39.5%; agr group 3.  agr  group 2 and 3 strains carried more toxin-producing genes, and frequently produced more toxin. Sixty-six (26.6%) of the strains were multidrug resistant. All were vancomycin sensitive.  Agr  group I is more resistant to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin while  agr  group III is more resistant to erythromycin. Maximum sensitivity was to gentamicin and SXT, and they could be considered drugs of choice for controlling MRSA mediated infections in this region.    Conclusions  Biofilm development in MRSA might be an  ica  dependent and one needs to investigate the involvement of other global regulators,  agr  and  sarA , and their contribution to the biofilm phenotype, as the high rate of biofilm production among the studied strains of  S. aureus .

bmc genomics

Screening of genes encoding adhesion factors and biofilm production in methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Palestinian patients