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Background   Cryptosporidium parvum  is an important zoonotic parasitic disease worldwide, but the molecular mechanisms of the host–parasite interaction are not fully understood. Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered key regulators of parasitic diseases. Therefore, we used microarray, qPCR, and bioinformatic analyses to investigate the intestinal epithelial miRNA expression profile after  Cryptosporidium parvum  infection.    Results  Twenty miRNAs were differentially expressed after infection (four upregulated and 16 downregulated). Further analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed that many important cellular responses were triggered by  Cryptosporidium parvum  infection, including cell apoptosis and the inflammatory and immune responses.    Conclusions  This study demonstrates for the first time that the miRNA expression profile of human intestinal epithelium cells is altered by  C. parvum  infection. This dysregulation of miRNA expression may contribute to the regulation of host biological processes in response to  C. parvum  infection, including cell apoptosis and the immune responses. These results provide new insight into the regulatory mechanisms of host miRNAs during cryptosporidiosis, which may offer potential targets for future  C. parvum  control strategies.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5410-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

MicroRNA expression profile of HCT-8 cells in the early phase of Cryptosporidium parvum infection