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Background  We describe the virulence factors of a methicillin-sensitive  Staphylococcus aureus  sequence type (ST) 45 strain, MCRF184, ( spa  type t917), that caused severe necrotizing fasciitis in a 72-year-old diabetic male. The genome of MCRF184 possesses three genomic islands: a relatively large type III  ν Saα with 42 open reading frames (ORFs) that includes superantigen- and lipoprotein-like genes, a truncated  ν Saβ that consists mostly of the enterotoxin gene cluster ( egc ), and a  ν Saγ island with 18 ORFs including α-toxin. Additionally, the genome has two phage-related regions: phage φSa3 with three genes of the immune evasion cluster (IEC), and an incomplete phage that is distinct from other  S. aureus  phages. Finally, the region between  orfX  and  orfY  harbors a putative efflux pump, acetyltransferase, regulators, and mobilization genes instead of genes of SCC mec .    Results  Virulence factors included phenol soluble modulins (PSMs) α1 through α4 and PSMs β1 and β2 .  Ten ORFs identified in MCRF184 had not been reported in previously sequenced  S. aureus  strains.    Conclusion  The dire clinical outcome in the patient and the described virulence factors all suggest that MCRF184, a ST45 strain is a highly virulent strain of  S. aureus .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5394-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Virulence factor landscape of a Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 45 strain, MCRF184