English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases (SERKs) are leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases associated with various signaling pathways. These kinases have a relationship with stress signals, and they are also believed to be important for regulating plant growth. However, information about this protein family in apple is limited.    Results  Twelve apple  SERK  genes distributed across eight chromosomes were identified. These genes clustered into three distinct groups in a phylogenetic analysis. All of the encoded proteins contained typical SERK domains. The chromosomal locations, gene/protein structures, synteny, promoter sequences, protein–protein interactions, and physicochemical characteristics of  MdSERK  genes were analyzed. Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that gene duplications have likely contributed to the expansion and evolution of  SERK  genes in the apple genome. Six homologs of  SERK  genes were identified between apple and  Arabidopsis . Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that the  MdSERK  genes showed different expression patterns in various tissues. Eight  MdSERK  genes were responsive to stress signals, such as methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and salt (NaCl). The application of exogenous brassinosteroid and auxin increased the growth and endogenous hormone contents of  Malus hupehensis  seedlings. The expression levels of seven  MdSERK  genes were significantly upregulated by brassinosteroid and auxin. In addition, several  MdSERK  genes showed higher expression levels in standard trees of ‘Nagafu 2’ (CF)/CF than in dwarf trees of CF/‘Malling 9’ (M.9), and in CF than in the spur-type bud mutation “Yanfu 6” (YF).    Conclusion  This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the apple  SERK  gene family. These data indicate that apple  SERKs  may function in adaptation to adverse environmental conditions and may also play roles in controlling apple tree growth.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5342-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Genome-wide identification of SERK genes in apple and analyses of their role in stress responses and growth