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Background  The molecular mechanisms underlying stress-influenced immune function of chicken ( Gallus Gallus ) are not clear. The stress models can be established effectively by feeding chickens corticosterone (CORT) hormone. The bursa of Fabricius is a unique central immune organ of birds. RNA-Seq technology was used to investigate differences in the expression profiles of immune-related genes and associated pathways in the bursa of Fabricius to clarify molecular mechanisms. The aim of this study was to broaden the understanding of the stress-influenced immune function in chickens.    Results  Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the bursa of Fabricius between experimental group (basal diet with added CORT 30 mg/kg; C_B group) and control group (basal diet; B_B group) were identified by using RNA-seq technology. In total, we found 1434 significant DEGs (SDEGs), which included 199 upregulated and 1235 downregulated genes in the C_B group compared with the B_B group. The immune system process GO term was the top significantly GO term, including  MYD88 ,  TLR4 ,  IL15 ,  VEGFA  gene and so on. The cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were the key pathways affected by stress. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of the SDEGs showed that  VEGFA ,  MyD88  and  IL15  were hub genes and module analysis showed that  MYD88 ,  TLR4  and  VEGFA  play important roles in response to stress.    Conclusion  This study showed that the  VEGFA  and  ILs  (such as  IL15 ) via the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway,  MYD88  and  TLR4  via the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway may play important roles in the regulation of immune function under stress condition with CORT administration. The results of this study provide a reference for further studies of the molecular mechanisms of stress-influenced immune function.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5333-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Transcriptome profile in bursa of Fabricius reveals potential mode for stress-influenced immune function in chicken stress model