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Background  Members of the  Early Salt Induced 3  ( Esi3/RCI2/PMP3 ) gene family in plants have been shown to be induced in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses and to enhance stress tolerance in both transgenic plants and  Saccharomyces cerevisiae .  Esi3  was first identified as a salt stress induced gene in the salt tolerant wild wheat grass,  Lophopyrum elongatum , and subsequently homologous genes in many other species were found to be members of the gene family. These include  Arabidopsis thaliana  and  Oryza sativa  where they are referred to as  Rare Cold Inducible 2  ( RCI2 ), and  Zea mays  where they are referred to as  Plasma Membrane Protein 3  ( PMP3 ) .  This study characterizes the  Esi3  family members in  Triticum aestivum  and explores the tissue specific expression patterns of the gene family members as well as their response to a variety of environmental stresses.    Results  The  Esi3  gene family was found to have a total of 29 family members comprised of ten paralogous groups in the hexaploid  T. aestivum . Each paralogous group contains three homeologous copies, one in each of the A, B and D genomes with the exception of  Esi3–2  which is missing the B copy. The genes of the  Esi3  gene family were also identified in four other monocot species,  Aegilops tauschii ,  Hordeum vulgare ,  Secale cereale  and  Sorghum bicolor , and were confirmed or corrected for  Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa  and  Zea mays,  as well as the dicot  Arabidopsis thaliana . Gene expression of the  Esi3 s was analyzed using tissue-specific, abiotic and biotic stress RNA-Seq 454 sequence libraries and Affymetrix microarray data for  T. aestivum .    Conclusions  Members of nearly all paralogous groups of the  Esi3  genes in  T. aestivum  have altered gene expression in response to abiotic or biotic stress conditions. In addition, there are modest differences in gene expression among homeologous members of the gene family. This suggests that the  Esi3  gene family plays an important role in the plants response to the stresses presented in this study. The  Esi3–9  in  T. aestivum  has a unique N terminal extension placing it into Group III, a new group for the  Esi3/RCI2/PMP3  gene family.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5311-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Characterization of the Esi3/RCI2/PMP3 gene family in the Triticeae