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Background  A number of  Pyricularia  species are known to infect different grass species. In the case of  Pyricularia oryzae  (syn.  Magnaporthe oryzae ), distinct populations are known to be adapted to a wide variety of grass hosts, including rice, wheat and many other grasses. The genome sizes of  Pyricularia  species are typical for filamentous ascomycete fungi [~ 40 Mbp for  P. oryzae , and ~ 45 Mbp for  P. grisea ]. Genome plasticity, mediated in part by deletions promoted by recombination between repetitive elements [Genome Res 26:1091-1100, 2016, Nat Rev Microbiol 10:417-430,2012] and transposable elements [Annu Rev Phytopathol 55:483-503,2017] contributes to host adaptation. Therefore, comparisons of genome structure of individual species will provide insight into the evolution of host specificity. However, except for the  P. oryzae  subgroup, little is known about the gene content or genome organization of other  Pyricularia  species, such as those infecting  Pennisetum  grasses.    Results  Here, we report the genome sequence of  P. penniseti  strain P1609 isolated from a  Pennisetum  grass (JUJUNCAO) using PacBio SMRT sequencing technology. Phylogenomic analysis of 28 Magnaporthales species and 5 non-Magnaporthales species indicated that P1609 belongs to a  Pyricularia  subclade, which is genetically distant from  P. oryzae . Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the pathogenicity-related gene repertoires had diverged between P1609 and the  P. oryzae  strain 70–15, including the known avirulence genes, other putative secreted proteins, as well as some other predicted  Pathogen-Host Interaction  ( PHI ) genes. Genomic sequence comparison also identified many genomic rearrangements relative to  P. oryzae .    Conclusion  Our results suggested that the genomic sequence of the  P. penniseti  P1609 could be a useful resource for the genetic study of the  Pennisetum -infecting  Pyricularia  species and provide new insight into evolution of pathogen genomes during host adaptation.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5222-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc genomics

Comparative genomic analysis revealed rapid differentiation in the pathogenicity-related gene repertoires between Pyricularia oryzae and Pyricularia penniseti isolated from a Pennisetum grass