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Background  The prothoracic gland (PG), the principal steroidogenic organ of insects, has been proposed as a model for steroid hormone biosynthesis and regulation.    Results  To validate the robustness of the model, we present an analysis of accumulated transcriptomic data from PGs of two model species,  Drosophila melanogaster  and  Bombyx mori . We identify that the common core components of the model in both species are encoded by nine genes. Five of these are Halloween genes whose expression differs substantially between the PGs of these species.    Conclusions  We conclude that the PGs can be a model for steroid hormone synthesis and regulation within the context of mitochondrial cholesterol transport and steroid biosynthesis but beyond these core mechanisms, gene expression in insect PGs is too diverse to fit in a context-specific model and should be analysed within a species-specific framework.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4896-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Refining a steroidogenic model: an analysis of RNA-seq datasets from insect prothoracic glands