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Background  Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) are mainly involved in acyl-CoA ester binding and trafficking in eukaryotic cells, and their various functions have been characterized in model plants, such as  Arabidopsis thaliana  ( A. thaliana ),  Oryza sativa  (rice), and other plant species. In the present study, genome-wide mining and expression analysis of ACBP genes was performed on  Hevea brasiliensis  (the para rubber tree), the most important latex-producing crop in the world.    Results  Six members of the  H. brasiliensis  ACBP family genes, designated  HbACBP1 - HbACBP6 , were identified from the  H. brasiliensis  genome. They can be categorized into four classes with different amino acid sequences and domain structures based on the categorization of their  A. thaliana  counterparts. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the HbACBPs were clustered with those of other closely related species, such as  Manihot esculenta ,  Ricinus communis , and  Jatropha carcas , but were further from those of  A. thaliana , a distantly related species. Expression analysis demonstrated that the HbACBP1 and HbACBP2 genes are more prominently expressed in  H. brasiliensis  latex, and their expression can be significantly enhanced by bark tapping (a mechanical wound) and jasmonic acid stimulation, whereas  HbACBP3 - HbACBP6  had almost the same expression patterns with relatively high levels in mature leaves and male flowers, but a markedly low abundance in the latex. HbACBP1 and HbACBP2 may have crucial roles in lipid and latex metabolism in laticifers, so their subcellular location was further investigated and the results indicated that HbACBP1 is a cytosol protein, whereas HbACBP2 is an endoplasmic reticulum-associated ACBP.    Conclusions  In this study, the  H. brasiliensis  ACBP family genes were identified. Phylogenetic analyses of the HbABCPs indicate that there is a high conservation and evolutionary relationship between ACBPs in land plants. The HbACBPs are organ/tissue-specifically expressed and have different expression patterns in response to stimulation by bark tapping or ethrel/jasmonic acid. HbACBP1 and HbACBP2 are two important latex ACBPs that might be involved in the lipid and latex metabolism. The results may provide valuable information for further investigations into the biological functions of HbACBPs during latex metabolism and stress responses in  H. brasiliensis .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4419-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Acyl-CoA-binding protein family members in laticifers are possibly involved in lipid and latex metabolism of Hevea brasiliensis (the Para rubber tree)