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Background  Sugarcane smut caused by  Sporisorium scitamineum  is one of the most severe fungal diseases in the sugarcane industry. Using a molecular biological technique to mine sugarcane resistance genes can provide gene resources for further genetic engineering of sugarcane disease-resistant breeding. Jasmonate ZIM (zinc-finger inflorescence meristem) domain (JAZ) proteins, which involved in the responses to plant pathogens and abiotic stresses, are important signaling molecules of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway.    Results  Seven differentially expressed sugarcane  JAZ  genes,  ScJAZ1–ScJAZ7 , were mined from the transcriptome of sugarcane after inoculation with  S. scitamineum . Bioinformatic analyses revealed that these seven  ScJAZ  genes encoded basic proteins that contain the TIFY and CCT_2 domains. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that the  ScJAZ1–ScJAZ7  genes were tissue specific and differentially expressed under adverse stress. During  S. scitamineum  infection, the transcripts of  ScJAZ4  and  ScJAZ5  were both upregulated in the susceptible genotype ROC22 and the resistant genotype Yacheng05–179;  ScJAZ1 ,  ScJAZ2 ,  ScJAZ3 , and  ScJAZ7  were downregulated in Yacheng05–179 and upregulated in ROC22; and the expression of  ScJAZ6  did not change in ROC22, but was upregulated in Yacheng05–179. The transcripts of the seven  ScJAZ  genes were increased by the stimuli of salicylic acid and abscisic acid, particularly methyl jasmonate. The expression of the genes  ScJAZ1–ScJAZ7  was immediately upregulated by the stressors hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride, and copper chloride, whereas slightly induced after treatment with calcium chloride and polyethylene glycol. In addition, the expression of  ScJAZ6 , as well as seven tobacco immunity-associated marker genes were upregulated, and antimicrobial activity against  Pseudomonas solanacearum  and  Fusarium solani  var.  coeruleum  was observed during the transient overexpression of  ScJAZ6  in  Nicotiana benthamiana , suggesting that the  ScJAZ 6 gene is associated with plant immunity.    Conclusions  The different expression profiles of the  ScJAZ1–ScJAZ7  genes during  S. scitamineum  infection, the positive response of  ScJAZ1–ScJAZ7  to hormones and abiotic treatments, and the function analysis of the  ScJAZ6  gene revealed their involvement in the defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. The findings of the present study facilitate further research on the  ScJAZ  gene family especially their regulatory mechanism in sugarcane.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4142-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Plant jasmonate ZIM domain genes: shedding light on structure and expression patterns of JAZ gene family in sugarcane