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Background  Ion homeostasis is an essential property of living organisms. The yeast  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  is an ideal model organism to investigate ion homeostasis at all levels. In this yeast genes involved in high-affinity phosphate uptake ( PHO  genes) are strongly induced during both phosphate and potassium starvation, indicating a link between phosphate and potassium homeostasis. However, the signal transduction processes involved are not completely understood. As 14-3-3 proteins are key regulators of signal transduction processes, we investigated the effect of deletion of the 14-3-3 genes  BMH1  or  BMH2  on gene expression during potassium starvation and focused especially on the expression of genes involved in phosphate uptake.    Results  Genome-wide analysis of the effect of disruption of either  BMH1  or  BMH2  revealed that the mRNA levels of the  PHO  genes  PHO84  and  SPL2  are greatly reduced in the mutant strains compared to the levels in wild type strains. This was especially apparent at standard potassium and phosphate concentrations. Furthermore the promoter of these genes is less active after deletion of  BMH1 . Microscopic and flow cytometric analysis of cells with GFP-tagged  SPL2  showed that disruption of  BMH1  resulted in two populations of genetically identical cells, cells expressing the protein and the majority of cells with no detectible expression. Heterogeneity was also observed for the expression of GFP under control of the  PHO84  promoter. Upon deletion of  PHO80  encoding a regulator of the transcription factor Pho4, the effect of the  BMH1  deletion on  SPL2  and  PHO84  promoter was lost, suggesting that the  BMH1  deletion mainly influences processes upstream of the Pho4 transcription factor.    Conclusion  Our data indicate that that yeast cells can be in either of two states, expressing or not expressing genes required for high-affinity phosphate uptake and that 14-3-3 proteins are involved in the process(es) that establish the activation state of the  PHO  regulon.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4105-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Lack of 14-3-3 proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the expression of Pho4-regulated genes SPL2 and PHO84