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Background  Transient starch provides carbon and energy for plant growth, and its synthesis is regulated by the joint action of a series of enzymes. Starch synthesis IV (SSIV) is one of the important starch synthase isoforms, but its impact on wheat starch synthesis has not yet been reported due to the lack of mutant lines.    Results  Using the TILLING approach, we identified 54 mutations in the wheat gene  TaSSIVb - D , with a mutation density of 1/165 Kb. Among these, three missense mutations and one nonsense mutation were predicted to have severe impacts on protein function. In the mutants,  TaSSIVb - D  was significantly down-regulated without compensatory increases in the homoeologous genes  TaSSIVb - A  and  TaSSIVb - B . Altered expression of  TaSSIVb - D  affected granule number per chloroplast; compared with wild type, the number of chloroplasts containing 0–2 granules was significantly increased, while the number containing 3–4 granules was decreased. Photosynthesis was affected accordingly; the maximum quantum yield and yield of PSII were significantly reduced in the nonsense mutant at the heading stage.    Conclusions  These results indicate that  TaSSIVb - D  plays an important role in the formation of transient starch granules in wheat, which in turn impact the efficiency of photosynthesis. The mutagenized population created in this study allows the efficient identification of novel alleles of target genes and could be used as a resource for wheat functional genomics.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3724-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Novel mutant alleles of the starch synthesis gene TaSSIVb-D result in the reduction of starch granule number per chloroplast in wheat