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Background   Sporisorium scitamineum  causes the sugarcane smut disease, one of the most serious constraints to global sugarcane production.  S. scitamineum  possesses a sexual mating system composed of two mating-type loci,  a  and  b  locus. We previously identified and deleted the  b  locus in  S. scitamineum , and found that the resultant  SsΔMAT-1b  mutant was defective in mating and pathogenicity.    Results  To further understand the function of b-mating locus, we carried out transcriptome analysis by comparing the transcripts of the mutant strain  SsΔMAT-1b , from which the SsbE1 and SsbW1 homeodomain transcription factors have previously been deleted, with those from the wild-type  MAT-1  strain. Also the transcripts from  SsΔMAT-1b  X  MAT-2  were compared with those from wild-type  MAT-1  X  MAT-2  mating. A total of 209 genes were up-regulated ( p  < 0.05) in the  SsΔMAT-1b  mutant, compared to the wild-type  MAT-1  strain, while 148 genes down-regulated ( p  < 0.05). In the mixture, 120 genes were up-regulated ( p  < 0.05) in  SsΔMAT-1b  X  MAT-2 , which failed to mate, compared to the wild-type  MAT-1  X  MAT-2  mating, and 271 genes down-regulated ( p  < 0.05). By comparing the up- and down-regulated genes in these two sets, it was found that 15 up-regulated and 37 down-regulated genes were common in non-mating haploid and mating mixture, which indeed could be genes regulated by b-locus. Furthermore, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that carbon metabolism pathway and stress response mediated by Hog1 MAPK signaling pathway were altered in the non-mating sets.    Conclusions  Experimental validation results indicate that the bE/bW heterodimeric transcriptional factor, encoded by the  b -locus, could regulate  S. scitamineum  sexual mating and/or filamentous growth via modulating glucose metabolism and Hog1-mediating oxidative response.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2691-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Transcriptome analysis of Sporisorium scitamineum reveals critical environmental signals for fungal sexual mating and filamentous growth