English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Transcription start sites (TSSs) with pronounced and phased nucleosome arrays downstream and nucleosome-depleted regions upstream of TSSs are observed in various species.    Results  We have characterized sequence variation and expression properties of this set of TSSs (which we call “Nucleocyclic TSSs”) using germline and somatic cells of three medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) inbred isolates from different locations. We found nucleocyclic TSSs in medaka to be associated with higher gene expression and characterized by a clear boundary in sequence composition with potentially-nucleosome-destabilizing A/T-enrichment upstream ( p  < 10 −60 ) and nucleosome- accommodating C/G-enrichment downstream ( p  < 10 −40 ) that was highly conserved from an ancestor. A substantial genetic distance between the strains facilitated the in-depth analysis of patterns of fixed mutations, revealing a localization-specific equilibrium between the rates of distinct mutation categories that would serve to maintain the conserved sequence anisotropy around TSSs. Downstream of nucleocyclic TSSs, C to T, T to C, and other mutation rates on the sense strand increased around first nucleosome dyads and decreased around first linkers, which contrasted with genomewide mutational patterns around nucleosomes ( p  < 5 %). C to T rates are higher than G to A rates around nucleosome associated with germline nucleocyclic TSS sites ( p  < 5 %), potentially due to the asymmetric effect of transcription-coupled repair.    Conclusions  Our results demonstrate an atypical evolutionary process surrounding nucleocyclic TSSs.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2198-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Associations between nucleosome phasing, sequence asymmetry, and tissue-specific expression in a set of inbred Medaka species