English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Auxin and auxin signaling are involved in a series of developmental processes in plants. Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) is reported to modulate the expression of target genes by binding to auxin response elements (AuxREs) and influence the transcriptional activation of down-stream target genes. However, how ARF genes function in flower development and fruit ripening of papaya ( Carica papaya  L.) is largely unknown. In this study, a comprehensive characterization and expression profiling analysis of 11  C. papaya ARF  ( CpARF ) genes was performed using the newly updated papaya reference genome data.    Results  We analyzed  CpARF e xpression patterns at different developmental stages.  CpARF1 ,  CpARF2 ,  CpARF4 ,  CpARF5 , and  CpARF10  showed the highest expression at the initial stage of flower development, but decreased during the following developmental stages.  CpARF6  expression increased during the developmental process and reached its peak level at the final stage of flower development. The expression of  CpARF1  increased significantly during the fruit ripening stages. Many AuxREs were included in the promoters of two ethylene signaling genes ( CpETR1  and  CpETR2 ) and three ethylene-synthesis-related genes ( CpACS1 ,  CpACS2 , and  CpACO1 ), suggesting that CpARFs might be involved in fruit ripening via the regulation of ethylene signaling.    Conclusions  Our study provided comprehensive information on  ARF  family in papaya, including gene structures, chromosome locations, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns. The involvement of  CpARF  gene expression changes in flower and fruit development allowed us to understand the role of ARF-mediated auxin signaling in the maturation of reproductive organs in papaya.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2182-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc genomics

Genome-wide identification and characterization of auxin response factor (ARF) family genes related to flower and fruit development in papaya (Carica papaya L.)