English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Limited information is available on aluminum (Al)-toxicity-responsive proteins in woody plant roots. Seedlings of ‘Xuegan’ ( Citrus sinensis ) and ‘Sour pummelo’ ( Citrus grandis ) were treated for 18 weeks with nutrient solution containing 0 (control) or 1.2 mM AlCl 3  · 6H 2 O (+Al). Thereafter, we investigated  Citrus  root protein profiles using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The aims of this work were to determine the molecular mechanisms of plants to deal with Al-toxicity and to identify differentially expressed proteins involved in Al-tolerance.    Results   C. sinensis  was more tolerant to Al-toxicity than  C. grandis . We isolated 347 differentially expressed proteins from + Al  Citrus  roots. Among these proteins, 202 (96) proteins only presented in  C. sinensis  ( C. grandis ), and 49 proteins were shared by the two species. Of the 49 overlapping proteins, 45 proteins were regulated in the same direction upon Al exposure in the both species. These proteins were classified into following categories: sulfur metabolism, stress and defense response, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, protein metabolism, cell transport, biological regulation and signal transduction, cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. The higher Al-tolerance of  C. sinensis  may be related to several factors, including: ( a ) activation of sulfur metabolism; ( b ) greatly improving the total ability of antioxidation and detoxification; ( c ) up-regulation of carbohydrate and energy metabolism; ( d ) enhancing cell transport; ( e ) decreased (increased) abundances of proteins involved in protein synthesis (proteiolysis); ( f ) keeping a better balance between protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation; and ( g ) increasing JA biosynthesis.    Conclusions  Our results demonstrated that metabolic flexibility was more remarkable in  C. sinenis  than in  C. grandis  roots, thus improving the Al-tolerance of  C. sinensis . This provided the most integrated view of the adaptive responses occurring in Al-toxicity roots.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2133-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Root iTRAQ protein profile analysis of two Citrus species differing in aluminum-tolerance in response to long-term aluminum-toxicity