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Background  The Coronator Group currently encompasses six morphologically similar species ( Culex camposi  Dyar,  Culex coronator  Dyar and Knab,  Culex covagarciai  Forattini,  Culex usquatus  Dyar,  Culex usquatissimus  Dyar, and  Culex ousqua  Dyar).  Culex coronator  has been incriminated as a potential vector of West Nile Virus (WNV), Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus (SLEV), and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV). The complete mitochondrial genome of  Cx. coronator ,  Cx. usquatus, Cx.usquatissimus,  and  Cx. camposi  was sequenced, annotated, and analyzed to provide genetic information about these species.    Results  The mitochondrial genomes of  Cx. coronator ,  Cx. usquatus, Cx.usquatissimus,  and  Cx. camposi  varied from 15,573 base pairs in  Cx. usquatus  to 15,576 in  Cx. coronator . They contained 37 genes (13 protein-encoding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and the AT-rich control region. Comparative analyses of the 37 genes demonstrated the mitochondrial genomes to be composed of variable and conserved genes. Despite the small size, the  ATP8 ,  ATP6  plus  NADH5  protein-encoding genes were polymorphic, whereas tRNAs and rRNAs were conserved. The control region contained some poly-T stretch. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree corroborated that both the Coronator Group and the  Culex pipens  complex are monophyletic taxa.    Conclusions  The mitochondrial genomes of  Cx. coronator ,  Cx. usquatus, Cx. usquatissimus  and  Cx. camposi  share the same gene composition and arrangement features that match to those reported for most Culicidae species. They are composed of the same 37 genes and the AT-rich control region, which contains poly-T stretches that may be involved in the functional role of the mitochondrial genome. Taken together, results of the dN/dS ratios, the sliding window analyses and the Bayesian phylogenetic analyses suggest that  ATP6, ATP8  and  NADH5  are promising genes to be employed in phylogenetic studies involving species of the Coronator Group, and probably other species groups of the subgenus  Culex . Bayesian topology corroborated the morphological hypothesis of the Coronator Group as monophyletic lineage within the subgenus  Culex .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1951-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc genomics

Mitochondrial genomes and comparative analyses of Culex camposi, Culex coronator, Culex usquatus and Culex usquatissimus (Diptera:Culicidae), members of the coronator group