English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  The co-chaperone Hop [  h  eat shock protein (HSP)   o  rganizing   p  rotein] has been shown to act as an adaptor for protein folding and maturation, in concert with Hsp70 and Hsp90. The  hop  gene is of eukaryotic origin. Likewise, the chloroplast elongation factor G (cEF-G) catalyzes the translocation step in chloroplast protein synthesis. The chl- fus  gene, which encodes the cEF-G protein, is of plastid origin. Both proteins, Hop and cEF-G, derived from domain duplications. It was demonstrated that the nuclear chl- fus  gene locates in opposite orientation to a  hop  gene in  Glycine max . We explored 53 available plant genomes from Chlorophyta to higher plants, to determine whether the chl- fus  gene was transferred directly downstream of the primordial  hop  in the proto-eukaryote host cell. Since both genes came from exon/module duplication events, we wanted to explore the involvement of introns in the early origin and the ensuing evolutionary changes in gene structure.    Results  We reconstructed the evolutionary history of the two convergent plant genes, on the basis of their gene structure, microsynteny and microcolinearity, from 53 plant nuclear genomes. Despite a high degree (72 %) of microcolinearity among vascular plants, our results demonstrate that their adjacency was a product of chromosomal rearrangements. Based on predicted exon − intron structures, we inferred the molecular events giving rise to the current form of genes. Therefore, we propose a simple model of exon/module shuffling by intronic recombinations in which phase-0 introns were essential for domain duplication, and a phase-1 intron for transit peptide recruiting. Finally, we demonstrate a natural susceptibility of the intergenic region to recombine or delete, seriously threatening the integrity of the chl- fus  gene for the future.    Conclusions  Our results are consistent with the interpretation that the chl- fus  gene was transferred from the chloroplast to a chromosome different from that of  hop , in the primitive photosynthetic eukaryote, and much later before the appearance of angiosperms, it was recombined downstream of  hop . Exon/module shuffling mediated by symmetric intron phases (i.e., phase-0 introns) was essential for gene evolution. The intergenic region is prone to recombine, risking the integrity of both genes.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1780-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Recombination of chl-fus gene (Plastid Origin) downstream of hop: a locus of chromosomal instability