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Background  Social amoebae are lower eukaryotes that inhabit the soil. They are characterized by the construction of a starvation-induced multicellular fruiting body with a spore ball and supportive stalk. In most species, the stalk is filled with motile stalk cells, as represented by the model organism  Dictyostelium discoideum , whose developmental mechanisms have been well characterized. However, in the genus  Acytostelium , the stalk is acellular and all aggregated cells become spores. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that it is not an ancestral genus but has lost the ability to undergo cell differentiation.    Results  We performed genome and transcriptome analyses of  Acytostelium subglobosum  and compared our findings to other available dictyostelid genome data. Although  A. subglobosum  adopts a qualitatively different developmental program from other dictyostelids, its gene repertoire was largely conserved. Yet, families of polyketide synthase and extracellular matrix proteins have not expanded and a serine protease and ABC transporter B family gene,  tagA , and a few other developmental genes are missing in the  A. subglobosum  lineage. Temporal gene expression patterns are astonishingly dissimilar from those of  D. discoideum , and only a limited fraction of the ortholog pairs shared the same expression patterns, so that some signaling cascades for development seem to be disabled in  A. subglobosum .    Conclusions  The absence of the ability to undergo cell differentiation in  Acytostelium  is accompanied by a small change in coding potential and extensive alterations in gene expression patterns.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1278-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc genomics

Comparative genome and transcriptome analyses of the social amoeba Acytostelium subglobosum that accomplishes multicellular development without germ-soma differentiation