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Background  The  hopper hAT -family transposable element isolated from the Oriental fruit fly,  Bactrocera dorsalis , is distantly related to both the  Drosophila hobo  element and the  Activator  element from maize. The original 3120 bp  hopper  Bd-Kah  element isolated from the Kahuku wild-type strain was highly degenerate and appeared to have a mutated transposase and terminal sequences, while a second 3131 bp element,  hopper  Bd-we , isolated from a  white eye  mutant strain had an intact transposase reading frame and terminal sequences consistent with function.    Results  The  hopper  Bd-we  element was tested for function by its ability to mediate germline transformation in two dipteran species other than  B. dorsalis . This was achieved by creating a binary vector/helper transformation system by linking the  hopper  Bd-we  transposase reading frame to a  D. melanogaster hsp70  promoter for a heat-inducible transposase helper plasmid, and creating vectors marked with the  D. melanogaster  mini- white  +  or  polyubiquitin -regulated DsRed fluorescent protein markers.    Conclusions  Both vectors were successfully used to transform  D. melanogaster , and the DsRed vector was also used to transform the Caribbean fruit fly,  Anastrepha suspensa , indicating a wide range of  hopper  function in dipteran species and, potentially, non-dipteran species. This vector provides a new tool for insect genetic modification for both functional genomic analysis and the control of insect populations.

The hAT-family transposable element, hopper, from Bactrocera dorsalis is a functional vector for insect germline transformation