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Insects represent the most abundant and speciose group of animals on earth, with recent studies estimating the total number of species between 3 and 30 × 10 [1, 2]. However, a small number of them represent pests for agriculture and livestock or vector major pathogens to humans and animals [3]. Area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programs with a sterile insect technique component (SIT) have been used to control populations for insect pests and disease vectors worldwide [4]. The SIT is based on the mass rearing and sterilization of insects by ionizing radiation and their subsequent handling, transport, and repeated releases, at appropriate overflooding ratios and in an area-wide manner, to suppress or locally eradicate a target population [3, 5]. Although SIT has been successfully applied by releasing both sterile males and sterile females, several studies have shown that sterile male-only releases can significantly improve the efficacy, cost-effectiveness and, in the case of mosquito SIT, also the biosecurity of SIT applications [6–8]. Male-only production can be efficiently and robustly achieved by developing specific sexing mechanisms that allow the separation of males and females in early stage prior to the release of sterile insects. The most successful example of genetic sexing strains (GSS), the VIENNA 7 and VIENNA 8 strains of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, are in use worldwide for the implementation of SIT programs to control this pest [9, 10]. Sterile males can be produced by combining classical genetics and ionizing radiation, but they can also be produced by transgenic or symbiont-based approaches. The coordinated research project (CRP) entitled “Comparing rearing efficiency and competitiveness of sterile male strains produced by genetic, transgenic or symbiont-based technologies” of the Insect Pest Control Subprogramme of the Joint Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) aimed: (a) to develop novel GSS or the refinement of existing ones, which may have produced by different technological platforms; (b) to perform quality control analysis of different strains mainly in respect to their rearing efficiency and mating competitiveness and (c) to assess the genetic stability of the strains by different technological platforms. This 5-year project (2015–2019) was coordinated by Kostas Bourtzis, a member of the Insect Pest Control Subprogramme of the FAO/IAEA, and included 18 scientists from 14 countries. This special issue presents the results and achievements of the research work carried out in the frame of this project. Meza and colleagues report the development and characterization of the first GSS of the South American

bmc genomic data

Joint FAO/IAEA coordinated research project on “comparing rearing efficiency and competitiveness of sterile male strains produced by genetic, transgenic or symbiont-based technologies”