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Background  Antimicrobial peptides play important roles in both plant and animal defense systems. Moreover, over-expression of  CaAMP1  ( Capsicum annuum antimicrobial protein 1 ), an antimicrobial protein gene isolated from  C. annuum  leaves infected with  Xanthomonas campestris  pv.  vesicatoria , confers broad-spectrum resistance to hemibiotrophic bacterial and necrotrophic fungal pathogens in  Arabidopsis . Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR), caused by the fungus  Phytophthora sojae , is one of the most devastating diseases affecting soybean ( Glycine max ) production worldwide.    Results  In this study,  CaAMP1  was transformed into soybean by  Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation. Integration of the foreign gene in the genome of transgenic soybean plants and its expression at the translation level were verified by Southern and western blot analyses, respectively.  CaAMP1  over-expression ( CaAMP1- OX) lines inoculated with  P. sojae  race 1 exhibited enhanced and stable PRR tolerance through T 2 –T 4  generations compared with the wild-type Williams 82 plants. Gene expression analyses in the transgenic plants revealed that the expression of salicylic acid-dependent, jasmonic acid-dependent, and plant disease resistance genes ( R -genes) were significantly up-regulated after  P. sojae  inoculation.    Conclusions  These results indicate that  CaAMP1  over-expression can significantly enhance PRR tolerance in soybean by eliciting resistance responses mediated by multiple defense signaling pathways. This provides an alternative approach for developing soybean varieties with improved tolerance against soil-borne pathogenic PRR.

Enhanced tolerance to Phytophthora root and stem rot by over-expression of the plant antimicrobial peptide CaAMP1 gene in soybean