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Background  Epidermal growth factor receptor ( Egfr ) has been the target of several drugs for cancers. The potential gender differences in genes in the Egfr axis have been suggested in humans and in animal models. Female and male mice from the same recombinant inbred (RI) strain have the same genomic components except the sex difference. A population of different RI mouse strains allows to conduct precise analysis of molecular pathways and regulation of  Egfr  between female and male mice.    Methods  The whole genome expression profiles of 70 genetically diverse RI strains of mice were used to compare three major molecular aspects of  Egfr  gene: the relative expression levels, gene network and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) that regulate the expression of  Egfr  between female and male mice.    Results  Our data showed that there is a significant sex difference in the expression levels in kidney. A considerable number of genes in the gene network of  Egfr  are sex differentially expressed. The expression levels of  Egfr  in mice are statistical significant different between C57BL/6 J (B6) and DBA/2 J (D2) genotypes in male while no difference in female mice. The eQTLs that regulate the expression levels of  Egfr  between female and male mice are also different. Furthermore, the differential expression levels of  Egfr  showed significantly different correlations with two known biological traits between male and female mice.    Conclusion  Overall there is a substantial sex difference in the  Egfr  pathways in mice. These data may have significant impact on drug target design, development, formulation, and dosage determinant for women and men in clinical trials.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0449-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Sex difference in EGFR pathways in mouse kidney-potential impact on the immune system